Blockchain Tutorials

Learn blockchain fundamentals including cryptocurrencies, smart contracts, decentralized applications (dApps), consensus mechanisms, wallets, Web3, and blockchain security.

All Blockchain Tutorials

Scaling

ZK-Rollups: Scaling Ethereum with Zero-Knowledge Proofs

Learn what ZK-rollups are, how they batch transactions off-chain with validity proofs, and how they compare to optimistic rollups for blockchain scaling.

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StarkNet: Decentralized ZK-Rollup Using STARK Proofs

Learn what StarkNet is, how it uses STARK proofs for scaling Ethereum, and how to develop smart contracts with Cairo.

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Optimistic Rollups: Scaling Ethereum with Fraud Proofs

Learn what optimistic rollups are, how they use fraud proofs instead of validity proofs, and their trade-offs for blockchain scalability.

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Cryptography

zk-STARKs: Scalable and Transparent Zero-Knowledge Proofs

Learn what zk-STARKs are, how they differ from zk-SNARKs, and their advantages including no trusted setup and quantum resistance.

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PLONK: A Universal zk-SNARK Protocol for Efficient Verification

Learn what PLONK is, how it improves upon Groth16 with universal trusted setup, and its role in blockchain scaling and privacy.

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Halo 2: Recursive Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Blockchain Scalability

Learn what Halo 2 is, how it enables recursive proof composition without trusted setup, and its role in Zcash and blockchain scaling.

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Recursive Proofs: Composing Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Scalability

Learn what recursive proofs are, how they enable proof aggregation and succinct blockchains, and their role in scaling zero-knowledge cryptography.

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VDF Verification: Verifiable Delay Functions Explained

Learn what Verifiable Delay Functions (VDFs) are, how they enforce computation delay, and their applications in blockchain randomness and leader election.

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FRI Protocol: Fast Reed-Solomon Interactive Oracle Proof of Proximity

Learn what the FRI protocol is, how it enables efficient polynomial commitment for STARKs, and why it is critical for zk-STARK scalability.

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